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Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) Ready-to-Dilute Staining Kit for identifying Degenerating Neurons

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Catalog Number

TR-100

Product Info

Product Name Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) Ready-to-Dilute Staining Kit for identifying Degenerating Neurons
Product Description google
The causes and effects of neuronal degeneration are of major interest to a wide variety of neuroscientists. Paralleling this growing interest is an increasing number of methods applicable to the detection of neuronal degeneration. Fluoro-Jade C stains all degenerating neurons regardless of specific insult or mechanism of cell death. Fluoro-Jade C exhibits the greatest signal to background ratio, as well as the highest resolution. This translates to a stain of maximal contrast and affinity for degenerating neurons. This makes it ideal for localising not only degenerating nerve cell bodies but also distal dendrites, axons and terminals. The dye is highly resistant to fading and is compatible with virtually all histological processing and staining protocols.
Alternative Names FJC
Application(s) FC, ICC, IHC-Frozen, IHC-Paraffin-embedded
Specificity Degenerating neurons, and neuronal degeneration. There is no specific staining in normal healthy brain. Note: Some researchers under some conditions report blood vessel staining with Fluoro Jade. This may be because Fluoro Jade is an analogue of eosin (which stains blood cells). In general, good perfusion and preparation of the tissue should help prevent blood vessel staining but it may not be possible to eliminate it entirely. In our experience it is generally possible to distinguish neuronal from blood vessels staining by eye.
Species Reactivity Human, Mouse, Other Mammals (Predicted), Rat
Concentration 10X
Purity Description Purified
Regulatory Status For research use only.

Specifications

Product Description
The causes and effects of neuronal degeneration are of major interest to a wide variety of neuroscientists. Paralleling this growing interest is an increasing number of methods applicable to the detection of neuronal degeneration. Fluoro-Jade C stains all degenerating neurons regardless of specific insult or mechanism of cell death. Fluoro-Jade C exhibits the greatest signal to background ratio, as well as the highest resolution. This translates to a stain of maximal contrast and affinity for degenerating neurons. This makes it ideal for localising not only degenerating nerve cell bodies but also distal dendrites, axons and terminals. The dye is highly resistant to fading and is compatible with virtually all histological processing and staining protocols.
Related Products Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) Powder for identifying Degenerating Neurons
Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) Powder for identifying Degenerating Neurons
Application(s) FC, ICC, IHC-Frozen, IHC-Paraffin-embedded
Application Details The Fluoro-Jade C 'Ready to Dilute' (RTD) Staining Kit provides an easy to use assortment of Fluoro-Jade C, DAPI, sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate in liquid form. Following our detailed protocol, Fluoro-Jade C labelled degenerating neurons are visualised with blue light excitation while DAPI counter stained cell nuclei are visualised with ultra-violet illumination. The Fluoro-Jade C Staining Kit can be used on all kinds of preserved tissues, including fresh-frozen, paraformaldehyde or formalin fixed, and formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.
Target Degenerating neurons
Specificity Degenerating neurons, and neuronal degeneration. There is no specific staining in normal healthy brain. Note: Some researchers under some conditions report blood vessel staining with Fluoro Jade. This may be because Fluoro Jade is an analogue of eosin (which stains blood cells). In general, good perfusion and preparation of the tissue should help prevent blood vessel staining but it may not be possible to eliminate it entirely. In our experience it is generally possible to distinguish neuronal from blood vessels staining by eye.
Target Host Species Human
Species Reactivity Human, Mouse, Other Mammals (Predicted), Rat
Ex/Em Max FJC visualization is accomplished using blue light or a 488 nm Laser. Excitation Peak: 495 nm Emission Peak: 521 nm Filter system for visualizing: Fluorescein/FITC
Detection Method Fluorescence
Kit Components Materials provided:

Sodium Hydroxide, Solution A (Dilute 1:10 prior to use) - 20/40 mL (TR-100-FJT/TR-100-FJ)
Potassium Permanganate, Solution B (Dilute 1:10 prior to use) - 20/40 mL (TR-100-FJT/TR-100-FJ)
Fluoro-Jade C, Solution C (Dilute 1:10 prior to use) - 20/40 mL (TR-100-FJT/TR-100-FJ)
DAPI, Solution D (Add to diluted Fluoro-Jade C) - 20/40 mL (TR-100-FJT/TR-100-FJ)

Equipment and Reagents required:

Gelatin coated microscope slides
Staining dishes/Coplin jars
Cover slips
DPX mounting media
Slide warmer
Convection oven
Distilled water
Ethanol
Xylene

Number of slides processed:

The actual number of slides processed by this kit will depend largely upon the vessel that is used to incubate the slides. If using a standard Coplin Jar, its capacity is 50 mL and typically holds 5 slides per jar. If using such a device, then 80-100 slides stained per 50 ml of working solution (or, 5 ml of stock solution) could be processed in one day. Note the diluted dye is NOT stable and will not store overnight. It is best to use freshly diluted dye each time an experimental batch is started.

Final working concentrations of FJC: 0.0001%
Final working concentration of KMnO4: 0.06%
Purity Description Purified
Format The reagents in the Fluoro Jade kit (10X) are all supplied in a liquid format and are ready-to-dilute.
Concentration 10X
Reconstitution Instructions Dilute solutions as directed in the protocol instructions. Sometimes small precipitates may be present in the stock or diluted solutions. Complete mixing of the diluted solutions usually dissolves the precipitates. The precipitates, if not removed, do not usually cause any difficulties if the washing steps are followed as instructed. Optional: For entirely clean solutions Biosensis recommends filtering the diluted solution though ethanol and NaOH compatible syringe or vacuum filter devices prior to contact with tissue slides.
Storage Instructions The unopened kit can be stored for up to 6 months at 2-8ºC after the date of receipt. The kit and components should be stored protected from light. Diluted FJC dye solutions are not stable and should be used within 4 hours of making. The other diluted solutions can be reused and stored for up to 48 hours if refrigerated and protected from light. Best results require freshly diluted solutions. We recommend using aseptic techniques when handling the reagents to avoid bacterial growth and contamination.

The FJC Ready to dilute kit is shipped ambient and stable at room temperature during transport. Refrigerate upon arrival, do not freeze.
Batch Number Please see item label.
Expiration Date Unopened kit 6 months at 2-8ºC protected from light. See Storage instructions for working solutions recommendations.
Alternative Names FJC
Shipping Temperature 2-8°C (on cold packs)
UNSPSC CODE 60103920
Regulatory Status For research use only.

Images, Protocols & SDS

Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining (green) of degenerating neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in old diabetic rats. Blue: DAPI nuclear stain. Picture courtesy of Dr. Wang and colleagues. Results of this study were published in Wang S. et al. (2020), Geroscience, PMID: 32696219.
Double exposure using combined blue and ultraviolet epi-fluorescent illumination of the superficial layers of the cingulated rat cortex exposed to kainic acid. Layer I contains conspicuous Fluoro-Jade C positive degenerating axon terminals. Layer II contains densely packed DAPI-positive viable granule cells. Layer III contains a mixture of Fluoro-Jade C positive denegerating pyramidal cells and DAPI-positive viable pyramidal cells. Photo is courtesy of Dr. Larry Schmued.

Triple exposure combining ultraviolet, blue and green light epi-fluorescent illumination (10X) of rat hippocampus exposed to kainic acid. The section was triple labeled with Fluoro-Jade C and DAPI staining combined with GFAP immunohistochemistry. The section reveals extensive green Fluoro-Jade C positive neuronal degeneration throughout the entire CA-1 region of the hippocampus. The underlying blue viable positive granule cells of the dentate gyrus are only DAPI positive. Both regions exhibit red GFAP positive hypertrophied astrocytes. Photo is courtesy of Dr. Larry Schmued.
Kit Protocol
TR-100-FJ_FJT_as_at_November2020.pdf
SDS Link
SDS_MSDS_ TR-100-FJ_TR-100-FJT_2-17-2019.pdf

Citations & References

Specific References
Total Number of References: 184

Latest Publications (2022-2023):

Iwatani Y et al. (2023) "Pathogenic role of NAMPT in the perivascular regions after ischemic stroke in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus" Exp Neurol. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Mouse

Wu M et al. (2023) "Potential mechanism of TMEM2/CD44 in endoplasmic reticulum stress‑induced neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of traumatic brain injury" Int J Mol Med. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Rat

Tang T et al. (2023) "Src inhibition rescues FUNDC1- mediated neuronal mitophagy in ischaemic stroke" Stroke Vasc Neurol. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Mouse

Zoungrana LI et al. (2023) "Activated protein C signaling mediates neuroinflammation in seizure induced by pilocarpine" Biochem Biophys Rep. 35:101550 . Application: IF. Species: Mouse

Shen J et al. (2023) "Rosiglitazone inhibits acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family number 4 and improves secondary brain injury in a rat model of surgical brain injury" Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Rat

Dai S et al. (2023) "Impairment of Autophagic Flux After Hypobaric Hypoxia Potentiates Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function Disturbances in Mice" Neurosci Bull. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Mouse

Schwartzenburg JB et al. (2023) "Neuropathological outcomes of traumatic brain injury and alcohol use in males and females: studies using preclinical rodent and clinical human specimens" J Neurotrauma. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Rat

Xiao K et al. (2023) "Low-Dose Trans-Resveratrol Ameliorates Diabetes-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration via TyrRS/c-Jun Pathway" Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 64(7):2 . Application: IF. Species: Human

Yasuno H et al. (2023) "Identifying the dataset to define the optimal timing of histopathological examination for central nervous system toxicity in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease monkey model" J Toxicol Pathol. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Monkey

Hang R et al. (2023) "Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb-761) confers neuroprotection against ischemic stroke by augmenting autophagic/lysosomal signaling pathway" J. Neuroimmunol. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Rat

Ni C et al. (2023) "Resveratrol inhibits ferroptosis via activating NRF2/GPX4 pathway in mice with spinal cord injury" Microsc Res Tech. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Mouse

Pietrzak B et al. (2023) "Posttreatment with Ospemifene Attenuates Hypoxia‑and Ischemia‑Induced Apoptosis in Primary Neuronal Cells via Selective Modulation of Estrogen Receptors" Neurotox Res. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Mouse

Cao S et al. (2023) "Network Pharmacology Prediction and Experimental Verification for Anti‑Ferroptosis of Edaravone After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage" Mol Neurobiol. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Rat

Li R et al. (2023) "CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 over-expression alleviates neuronal ferroptosis and brain injury by inhibiting lipid peroxidation via AKT/mTOR pathway following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice" J Neurochem. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Mouse

Zhang LK et al. (2023) "3D culture of the spinal cord with roots as an ex vivo model for comparative studies of motor and sensory nerve regeneration" Exp Neurol. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Rat

Agrawal RR et al. (2022) "Alzheimer’s-Associated Upregulation of Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes After Traumatic Brain Injury" Cell Mol Neurobiol. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Mouse

Choi HJ et al. (2022) "The new insight into the inflammatory response following focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption" Fluids Barriers CNS. 19(1):103 . Application: IF. Species: Mouse

Shen H et al. (2022) "GRK5 Deficiency in the Hippocampus Leads to Cognitive Impairment via Abnormal Microglial Alterations" Mol Neurobiol. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Mouse

Kawabata S et al. (2022) "Association of Gut Microbiome with Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: an Experimental Study" Transl Stroke Res. [Epub ahead of print] . Application: IF. Species: Rat

Choi H et al. (2022) "Methylene Blue Delivery Mediated by Focused Ultrasound-Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption Reduces Neural Damage and Amyloid-Beta Plaques by AQP-4 Upregulation" Biomedicines. 10(12):3191 . Application: IF. Species: Mouse

Liu Y et al. (2022) "Inhibition of Prostaglandin E2 Receptor EP3 Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis Partially by Modulating p38MAPK/FOXO3/Mul1/Mfn2 Pathway after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats" Oxid Med Cell Longev. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Zhang Z et al. (2022) "Targeting CCL5 signaling attenuates neuroinflammation after seizure" CNS Neurosci Ther. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Yu Z et al. (2022) "Icaritin inhibits neuroinflammation in a rat cerebral ischemia model by regulating microglial polarization through the GPER–ERK–NF-κB signaling pathway" Mol Med. 28(1):142. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Jiao D et al. (2022) "Quercetin alleviates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury via inhibiting ferroptosis in the rat model" Anat Rec (Hoboken). [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Gao T et al. (2022) "NS1619 Alleviate Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Brain Injury by Regulating BKca Channel and Nrf2/HO-1/NF-ĸB Pathway" Oxid Med Cell Longev. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Wang J et al. (2022) "Inhibition of ferroptosis protects sepsis-associated encephalopathy" Cytokine. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Gao J et al. (2022) "Secukinumab alleviates cognitive impairment by attenuating oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via the IL-17RA/AKT/ERK1/2 pathway in a rat model of sepsis" Exp Neurol. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Deng X et al. (2022) "Suppressive role of lovastatin in intracerebral hemorrhage through repression of autophagy" Metab Brain Dis. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Fernandez N et al. (2022) "Aging is associated with lower neuroactive steroids and worsened outcomes following cerebral ischemia in male mice" Endocrinology. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Wu M et al. (2022) "VEGF regulates the blood-brain barrier through MMP-9 in a rat model of traumatic brain injury" Exp. Ther. Med. 24:728. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Qian S et al. (2022) "Podoplanin neutralization reduces thrombo-inflammation in experimental ischemic stroke by inhibiting interferon/caspase-1/GSDMD in microglia" Ann Transl Med. 10(18):979. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Li L et al. (2022) "A selective degeneration of cholinergic neurons mediated by NRADD in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model" Cell Insight. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Karino K et al. (2022) "Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase epsilon contributes to neuropsychiatric manifestations in lupus-prone mice through microglial activation" Arthritis Rheumatol. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Chen J et al. (2022) "Flufenamic acid improves survival and neurologic outcome after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in mice" J Neuroinflammation. 19(1):214 . Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Zou Y et al. (2022) "Learning and memory impairment and transcriptomic profile in hippocampus of offspring after maternal fructose exposure during gestation and lactation" Food Chem Toxicol. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Jin P et al. (2022) "Aprepitant attenuates NLRC4-dependent neuronal pyroptosis via NK1R/PKCδ pathway in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage" J Neuroinflammation. 19(10):198. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Koike-Kumagai M et al. (2022) "Sirolimus relieves seizures and neuropsychiatric symptoms via changes of microglial polarity in tuberous sclerosis complex model mice" Neuropharmacology. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Wang D et al. (2022) "Mesenchymal stromal cell treatment attenuates repetitive mild traumatic brain injury-induced persistent cognitive deficits via suppressing ferroptosis" Neuroinflammation. 19(1):185. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Seo Y et al. (2022) "Mesenchymal stem cells target microglia via galectin-1 production to rescue aged mice from olfactory dysfunction" Biomed Pharmacother. 153:113347. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Duan R et al. (2022) "Recurrent de novo single point variant on the gene encoding Na+/K+ pump results in epilepsy" Prog Neurobiol. 216:102310. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Liu P et al. (2022) "Suppression of phosphodiesterase IV enzyme by Roflumilast ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in aged rats after sevoflurane anesthesia via PKA-CREB and MEK/ERK pathways" Eur J Neurosci. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Boucher ML et al. (2022) "Titrating the Translational Relevance of a Low-Level Repetitive Head Impact Model" Front Neurol. 13:857654. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Qian L et al. (2022) "Interleukin-35 attenuates blood-brain barrier dysfunction caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting brain endothelial cell injury" Ann Transl Med. 10.21037. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Buentello DC et al. (2022) "Use of standard U-bottom and V-bottom well plates to generate neuroepithelial embryoid bodies" PLoS One. 17(5): e0262062. Application: IF. Species: Human.

Jin P et al. (2022) "Activation of LRP6 with HLY78 Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis via GSK3β/Sirt1/PGC-1α Pathway after ICH" Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022: 7542468. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Wang J et al. (2022) "Irisin protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy by suppressing ferroptosis via activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 signal axis" Free Radic Biol Med. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Tang T et al. (2022) "Ginkgetin Promotes M2 Polarization of Microglia and Exert Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke via Modulation of PPARγ Pathway" Neurochem Res. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Zhang Z et al. (2022) "Inhibiting Microglia-Derived NLRP3 Alleviates Subependymal Edema and Cognitive Dysfunction in Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus after Intracerebral Hemorrhage via AMPK/Beclin-1 Pathway" Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Ren R et al. (2022) "Kynurenine/Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulates Mitochondria-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage" Antioxid Redox Signal. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Deforzh E et al. (2022) "Promoter and enhancer RNAs regulate chromatin reorganization and activation of miR-10b/HOXD locus, and neoplastic transformation in glioma" Mol Cell. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Human, Mouse.

Chen X et al. (2022) "Mechanism of Baicalein in Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Inhibiting the ROS/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway" Inflammation. 45(2):590-602. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Komatsu A et al. (2022) "Ammonia induces amyloidogenesis in astrocytes by promoting amyloid precursor protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum" J Bio; Chem. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Jin P et al. (2022) "Activation of LRP6 with HLY78 Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis via GSK3 β/Sirt1/PGC-1 α Pathway after ICH" Oxid Med Cell Longev. 7542468. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Hong Y et al. (2022) "Ultrasound stimulation improves inflammatory resolution, neuroprotection, and functional recovery after spinal cord injury" Sci Rep. 12(1):3636. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Li J et al. (2022) "Inhibition of LRRK2-Rab10 Pathway Improves Secondary Brain Injury After Surgical Brain Injury in Rats" Front Surg. 8:749310. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Yamashima T et al. (2022) "Hydroxynonenal Causes Lysosomal and Autophagic Failure in the Monkey." J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism. 12:529. Application: IF. Species: Monkey.

Salvadores N et al. (2022) "Aβ oligomers trigger necroptosis-mediated neurodegeneration via microglia activation in Alzheimer's disease." Acta Neuropathol Commun. 10(1):31. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Shi M et al. (2022) "Downregulation of TREM2/NF-кB signaling may damage the blood-brain barrier and aggravate neuronal apoptosis in experimental rats with surgically injured brain." Brain Res Bull. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IF. Species: Rat.

Zhao Y et al. (2022) "ATAD3A oligomerization promotes neuropathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease models." Nat Commun. 13(1):1121. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Fan X et al. (2022) "Inhibiting Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Subtype 3 Attenuates Brain Damage During Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Regulating nNOS/NO and Oxidative Stress." Front Neurosci. 16:838621. Application: IF. Species: Mouse.

Yu S et al. (2022) "BMS-470539 Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis via MC1R/cAMP/PKA/Nurr1 Signaling Pathway in a Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Rat Model." Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022:4054938. Application: IF. Species: Rat.